TY - JOUR AU - Fanelli, Angela AU - Galgano, Michela AU - Sposato, Alessio AU - Buonavoglia, Domenico PY - 2022/12/30 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Assessment of Paratuberculosis international official reporting in Europe using the information supplied to the WOAH by National Veterinary Services JF - Veterinaria Italiana JA - VetIt VL - 58 IS - 2 SE - Paper DO - 10.12834/VetIt.2625.16709.3 UR - https://veterinariaitaliana.izs.it/index.php/VetIt/article/view/2625 SP - AB - <p><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 477.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.943468);">The present study characterizes the epidemiological situation of Paratuberculosis (PTB) </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 495.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.930436);">in Europe during the last 24 years, using the information officially reported to the World </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 513.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.924837);">Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) by the National Veterinary Services (NVS) of the </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 531.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.967192);">European countries. The prevalence of PTB at country level was described during the study </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 549.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.910448);">period. A Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression analysis was implemented to evaluate </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 567.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.91562);">the reporting behaviour. The most affected countries were found in southern and western </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 585.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.936442);">Europe, whereas PTB presence was lower in northern and eastern Europe. PTB was routinely </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 603.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.911991);">declared as a notifiable disease in 65% of the countries. Less than 50% of the countries </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 621.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.962067);">routinely implemented passive surveillance, and only 19%, reported active surveillance </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 639.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.922699);">for disease detection. Results of the Cox PH regression indicate that the Gross National </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 657.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.979643);">Income (GNI) per capita and the application of active surveillance significantly influence the </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 675.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.90268);">recurrence of PTB reporting. In countries with lower and upper middle income, the hazard </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 693.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.960073);">of recurrence is 0.13 and 0.18 times lower than in countries with high income. The hazard of </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 711.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.985554);">recurrence in countries that infrequently and moderately applied active surveillance is 1.99 </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 729.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.915513);">and 1.65 times higher than in countries that routinely applied active surveillance. Findings </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 747.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.00068);">of this work highlight an important variation in the reporting behaviour, disease status and </span><span style="left: 325.984px; top: 765.776px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.9201);">surveillance across Europe. </span></p> ER -