1
Seroprevalence of Peste des petits ruminants in small ruminants in the North Eastern Region of India
VetIt.1985.10631.2.pdf

Supplementary Files

Figure 1. The epi-units (villages) location are depicted (as • a dot) in the GIS Map of the studied states in the North-Eastern Region (NER) of India
Table I. Serum samples screened for each state and prevalence of PPR antibodies in small ruminants in the NER of India.

Keywords

Sheep and Goats
Seroprevalence
Cross-sectional study
North Eastern Region
India
Peste des petits ruminants

How to Cite

Balamurugan, V., Varghese, B., Muthuchelvan, D., SowjanyaKumari, S., Vinod Kumar, K., Dheeraj, R., Govindaraj, G., Suresh, K. P., Hemadri, D., & Roy, P. (2020). Seroprevalence of Peste des petits ruminants in small ruminants in the North Eastern Region of India. Veterinaria Italiana, 56(1), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.12834/VetIt.1985.10631.2

Abstract

A seroprevalence study of the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in small ruminants was carried out in the different states (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura) in the North Eastern Region (NER) of India using serum samples collected from April 2017 to March 2018. A total number of 4,163 sera [sheep (n = 508) and goats (n = 3,655)] collected from 345 epi‑units/villages covering 176 municipalities in NER were screened by competitive ELISA kit for the detection of PPR virus antibodies. The results revealed that the seroprevalence of PPR in small ruminants in Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura was 34.3%, 10.3%, 4.7%, 15.7%, 14.7%, and 5.5%, respectively with an overall 14.5% prevalence.Association between the presence of antibodies and goats has been showed to be significant (p < 0.01) at the NER level level and within every single state. This manuscript highlights the need for continuous monitoring of this important disease as for the severe economic impact PPR may have in the affected countries.

https://doi.org/10.12834/VetIt.1985.10631.2
VetIt.1985.10631.2.pdf

References

Acharya, N., Poudel, S.P. & Acharya, K.P. 2018. Cross-sectional sero-prevalence study of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in goats of Syangja and Kaski districts of Nepal, Virusdisease, 29, 173-179.

Al-Majali, A.M., Hussain, N.O., Amarin, N.M. & Majok, A.A. 2008. Seroprevalence of, and risk factors for, Peste des Petits Ruminants in sheep and goats in Northern Jordan, Prevn Vet Med, 85, 1-8.

Almeshay, M.D., Gusbi, A., Eldaghayes, I., Mansouri, R., Bengoumi, M. & Dayhum, A.S. 2017. An epidemological study on Peste des petits ruminants in Tripoli Region, Lybia, Vet Ital, 53, 235-242.

Anonymous 2011. All India co-ordinated research project on animal disease monitoring & surveillance (AICRP on ADMAS). Annual Report 2010-11, 2011, (AICRP on ADMAS Collaborating Unit, Guwahati, Assam), 77-78.

Balamurugan, V., Das, S., Raju, D.S.N., Chakravarty, I., Nagalingam, M., Hemadri, D., Govindaraj, G., Ibotombi Singh, N., Ltu, K., Devi, M., Sharma, K., Gajendragad, M.R. & Rahman, H. 2014a. Prevalence of peste des petits ruminants in goats in North-East India, Virusdisease, 25, 488-492.

Balamurugan, V., Hemadri, D., Gajendragad, M.R., Singh, R.K. & Rahman, H. 2014b. Diagnosis and control of peste des petits ruminants: A comprehensive review, Virusdisease, 25, 39-56.

Balamurugan, V., Krishnamoorthy, P., Raju, D.S.N., Rajak, K.K., Bhanuprakash, V., Pandey, A.B., Gajendragad, M.R., Prabhudas, K. & Rahman, H. 2014c. Prevalence of Peste-des-petits-ruminant virus antibodies in cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats in India, Virusdisease, 25, 85-90.

Balamurugan, V., Saravanan, P., Sen, A., Rajak, K.K., Bhanuprakash, V., Krishnamoorthy, P. & Singh, R.K. 2011. Sero-epidemiological study of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in India between 2003 and 2009, Rev Sci Tech (OIE), 30, 889-896.

Balamurugan, V., Saravanan, P., Sen, A., Rajak, K.K., Venkatesan, G., Krishnamoorthy, P., Bhanuprakash, V. & Singh, R.K. 2012. Prevalence of peste des petits ruminants among sheep and goats in India, J Vet Med Sci, 13, 279-285.

Balamurugan, V., Thirumalesh, S.R.A., Sridevi, R., Govindaraj, G., Nagalingam, M., Hemadri, D., Gajendragad, M.R. & Rahman, H. 2016. Microscopic Agglutination Test analysis identifies prevalence of intermediate species serovars in ruminants in endemic states of India, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. B Biol. Sci., 86, 469-475.

Begum, S.S., Mahato, G., Sharma, P., Hussain, M. & Saleque, A. 2016. Assessment of immune response to a lyophilized peste-des-petits-ruminants virus vaccine in three different breeds of goats, Vet World, 9, 568-571.

Chaudhary, D., Muthuchelvan, D., De, A., Yadav, A.K., Sudhakar, S.B., Rajak, K.K. & Pandey, A.B. 2013. Molecular characterization of PPR virus from an outbreak in Tripura reveals its origin from Bangladesh. Paper presented at the In Asian -Pacific Congress of Virology (VIROCON 2013), Noida, UP. India pp. 128.

Chavan, V.V., Digraskar, S.U., Dhonde, S.N. & Bedarkar, S.N. 2009. Seromonitoring of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in goats (Capra hircus) of Parbhani region of Maharashtra, Vet World, 2, 299-300.

Dayhum, A., Sharif, M., Eldaghayes, I., Kammon, A., Calistri, P., Danzetta, M.L., Di Sabatino, D., Petrini, A., Ferrari, G., Grazioli, S., Pezzoni, G. & Brocchi, E. 2018. Sero-prevalence and epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants in Libya, Transbound Emerg Dis, 65, e48-e54.

De A, Debnath B, Dutta T. K., Shil S, Bhadouriya S, Chaudhary D, Rajak K. K., Pachauri R, Ramakrishnan M. A. & Muthuchelvan D 2016. Sero-epidemiology of peste-des-petits-ruminants in Goats of Tripura State of North-East India, Adv Anim Vet Sci, 4, 215-217.

Devi, M., Das, S., Sharma, K. & Dutta, R. 2016. Seroprevelance and molecular detection of peste des petits ruminants in goats of Assam, Virusdisease, 27, 91-97.

Faris, D., Yilkal, A., Berhe, G. & Kelay, B. 2012. Seroprevalence and sero-conversion after vaccination against Peste des Petits Ruminants in sheep and goats from Awash Fentale District, Afar, Ethiopia, Prevn Vet Med, 103, 157-162.

Govindaraj, G.N., Balamurugan, V. & Rahman, H. 2016. Estimation of economic Loss of PPR in sheep and goats in India: An annual incidence based analysis, Br J Virol, 3, 77-85.

Govindaraj, G.N., Roy, G., Mohanty, B.S., Balamurugan, V., Pandey, A.K., Sharma, V., Patel, A., Mehra, M., Pandey, S.K. & Roy, P. 2019. Evaluation of effectiveness of mass vaccination campaign against Peste des petits ruminants in Chhattisgarh state, India, Transbound Emerg Dis, 66, 1349-1359.

Islam, M., Cpathak, D., Das, S., Rahman, T., Sarma, S., Hussain, J. & Sultana, A. 2017. Seroprevalence of Peste Des Petits ruminants in goats of Assam, India, J Entomol Zool Studies, 5, 899-901.

Karam, A., Puro, K., Das, S., Shakuntala, I., Sanjukta, R., Milton, A.A.P., Ghatak, S. & Sen, A. 2018. Seroprevalence of peste des petits ruminants and bluetongue in goat population of Meghalaya, India, Vet World, 11, 1689-1691.

Majumder, P. 1997. Studies on an incidence of peste des petits rumi- nants in the regional goat breeding farm at Debipur, Tripura, Indian J Anim Health, 36, 169-171.

Muthuchelvan, D., De, A., Debnath, B., Choudhary, D., Venkatesan, G., Rajak, K.K., Sudhakar, S.B., Himadri, D., Pandey, A.B. & Parida, S. 2014. Molecular characterization of peste-des-petits ruminants virus (PPRV) isolated from an outbreak in the Indo-Bangladesh border of Tripura state of North-East India, Vet Microbiol, 174, 591-595.

OIE & FAO 2015. Manual on global strategy for the control and eradication of Pesti des petits ruminants. 2015, (http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4460e.pdf).

R_Core_Team 2014. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 2014, (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria),

Shaila, M.S., Shamaki, D., Forsyth, M.A., Diallo, A., Goatley, L., Kitching, R.P. & Barrett, T. 1996. Geographic distribution and epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus, Virus Res, 43, 149-153.

Singh, R.K., Balamurugan, V., Bhanuprakash, V., Sen, A., Saravanan, P. & Pal Yadav, M. 2009. Possible control and eradication of peste des petits ruminants from India: technical aspects, Vet Ital, 45, 449-462.

Singh, R.P., Saravanan, P., Sreenivasa, B.P., Singh, R.K. & Bandyopadhyay, S.K. 2004a. Prevalence and distribution of peste des petits ruminants virus infection in small ruminants in India, Rev Sci Tech (OIE), 23, 807-819.

Singh, R.P., Sreenivasa, B.P., Dhar, P., Shah, L.C. & Bandyopadhyay, S.K. 2004b. Development of a monoclonal antibody based competitive-ELISA for detection and titration of antibodies to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus, Vet Microbiol, 98, 3-15.

Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran, W.G. 1967. Statistical methods (Indian Edition), (Oxford & IBH Publishing, New Delhi)

Soundararajan, C., Sivakumar, T., Ramesh, S., Muthukrishnan, S. & Palanidorai, R. 2006. Peste des petits ruminants among sheep and goats in an organized farm in Tamil Nadu, Indian Vet J, 83, 1045-1047.

Swai, E.S., Kapaga, A., Kivaria, F., Tinuga, D., Joshua, G. & Sanka, P. 2009. Prevalence and distribution of Peste des petits ruminants virus antibodies in various districts of Tanzania, Vet Res Commun, 33, 927-936.

Thrushfield, M. 2005. Veterinary epidemiology, (Blackwell Publishing Professional, Ames, Iowa)